UAV Components

Power Systems provides energy to motors, avionics, and payload.

PDB (Power Distribution Board),is the circuit board organizes the power connections of batteries, ESCs, and other onboard systems. In particular, it is responsible for power distribution from the flight battery to each electronic speed controller for the drone control board.

In some cases, the PDB is also used to power components such as the camera, LED taillights, and flight controller.

The battery, described as the heart of the drone, is the most important part in terms of power generation and performance.

Fligh control Systems is the brain of the UAV which provides stabilizes and controls motion.

It containtsContains:Flight Controller (FC),IMU sensors: Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Magnetometer,GPS module, Barometer (altitude measurement), and Telemetry module (communication with ground station).

Communication Systems ensures data exchange between UAV and ground control.

It performs through:Radio Controller + Receiver (RC Link),Telemetry (915 MHz / 2.4 GHz / 5.8 GHz), and FPV system (camera + video transmitter).

UAVs can carry various surveillance packages, including electro-optical and infrared cameras, SAR, SIGINT, and multi- and hyperspectral imagers for reconnaissance/surveillance missions.

There are basically three types of surveillance missions: 1. Convoy over-watch, 2. Route surveillance, and 3. Fixed surveillance.

Three primary functions of surveillance sensors are: 1. detection, 2. recognition, and 3. Identification.

Two most common kinds of surveillance payloads (i.e., sensors) are: 1. Daytime or night-vision camera, 2. Radar.

Some significant ones are spectrometers, radiation detectors, environmental sensors, and atmospheric sensors.

A spectrometer analyzes the spectrum of light to identify the chemical elements of the target. For instance, Mars Rover is equipped with a rock-zapping laser and telescope. It produces more than a million watts of power focused for five one-billionths of a second to hit targets up to seven meters away. The result is a glowing ionized gas which it observes with the telescope. The light, then, is analyzed by spectrometer.

A radiation detector monitors high-energy atomic and sub atomic particles coming from the sun, from distant supernovae and other sources to determine whether conditions are favorable to life and preserving evidence of life. Naturally occurring radiation is harmful to microbes and human life. The Earth atmosphere has a protective magnetic field against radiation.

An environmental sensor records environmental information such as carbon monoxide, water vapor, aerosols, ozone, gases composing air, air viscosity, chemicals in the air, and ultraviolet radiation. The wind speed and direction, temperatures, and humidity are measured by electronic devices. The atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer. Some other atmospheric phenomena include rain, icing, snow, wind, gust, turbulence, hurricane, tornado, thunderstorm, and lightning.

An atmospheric sensor records atmospheric information such as wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, relative humidity, air temperature, ground temperature. The wind speed and direction, temperatures, and humidity are measured by electronic devices. The atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer.