International Space Station (ISS) — Interactive LMS
Explore ISS architecture, orbital science, international modules, docking systems and station operations.
ISS · ORBITAL LEARNING LAB
Aim & Learning Outcomes
Aim: Understand the architecture, orbital environment, research role and operational systems of the International Space Station.
Learning outcomes
- Identify major ISS modules and structural elements.
- Explain truss, solar-array, laboratory, node and docking functions.
- Relate altitude, orbital velocity and period to LEO operations.
- Distinguish crew and cargo visiting vehicles.
- Explain power, thermal-control, life-support and robotics functions.
Mission context
The ISS is a continuously inhabited modular microgravity laboratory assembled in low Earth orbit through international cooperation and many launch missions.
Core idea
The station is an integrated orbital complex: pressurized modules, truss structures, solar arrays, radiators, visiting spacecraft and robotic systems work together.
ISS Theory & Architecture
Orbital characteristics
Low Earth orbit · typical altitude ≈ 400 km · velocity ≈ 7.66 km/s · period ≈ 90–93 min · inclination 51.6°
Station systems
Power: photovoltaic arrays generate electricity; batteries support eclipse periods.
Thermal: coolant loops transport heat and external radiators reject it.
Life support: atmosphere management, oxygen generation, CO₂ removal and water recovery support habitation.
Attitude/orbit: control moment gyroscopes support attitude control; propulsion resources provide reboost when required.
Major elements
Unity (Node 1)Connecting node; Z1 is attached at its zenith side.
Harmony (Node 2)Connects laboratories and visiting vehicles.
Tranquility (Node 3)Life-support systems and Cupola connection.
DestinyU.S. laboratory.
ColumbusESA laboratory.
KibōJAXA laboratory complex with external experiment capability.
ZaryaFirst ISS module launched.
ZvezdaRussian service module.
Rassvet (MRM-1)Russian docking/storage module.
PoiskDocking and spacewalk-support module.
CupolaSeven-window observation and robotics workstation.
Z1 TrussEarly structural element mounted to Unity.
Leonardo (PMM)Permanent Multipurpose Module for storage.
IDA / PMADocking-adapter/interface elements.
Visiting vehiclesCrew and cargo spacecraft support station logistics.